Pada tulisan sebelumnya anda sebenarnya sudah banyak melihat contoh-contoh kalimat sederhana (simple sentences), kalimat majemuk (compound sentences), dan kalimat kompleks (complex sentences). Tulisan ini hanya mereview sedikit apa perbedaan antara ketiga jenis kalimat tersebut. Jika anda butuh contoh kalimat tambahan, dapat anda baca di topik Connjunctions dan penggunaannya. Are you ready? Let’s start from simple sentences.
Simple sentences
Simple sentence (kalimat sederhana), juga disebut independent clause, adalah kalimat yang memiliki satu subject dan satu verb (predicate), dan sudah dapat mengekspresikan suatu kejadian/aktivitas secara utuh. Kalimat yang menggunakan subject majemuk (seperti pada contoh 2) atau verb majemuk (seperti pada contoh 3) juga dikatagorikan sebagai kalimat sederhana.
Contoh:
- I am going to study Japanese next year.
- Jenny and Joni went to the shopping mall last night.
- Ronny goes to the library and reads everyday.
Note: Contoh 2 memiliki subject majemuk yaitu Jenny dan Joni, sedangkan Contoh 3 memiliki verb majemuk yaitu goes dan reads.
Compound sentences
Compound sentence (kalimat majemuk) adalah kalimat yang mengandung sekurang-kurangnya dua independent clause yang dihubungkan oleh coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, atau semicolon (i.e. ; ).
Contoh:
- Some of the campers went into the woods to find dry tree branches for cooking, and the others built the tents.
- Rini and Rere are chitchatting by the door, John is reading his book, Dodo is flattering Angelina on the class corner, but Didit is sleeping on his desk. (chitchat = ngobrol, flatter = merayu).
- I had nothing to do last night, so I went out to see a movie by myself. (by myself = alone = sendirian, tanpa teman).
- Neither my parents nor I heard of my cousin’s accident. (Baik orang tua saya maupun saya tidak mendengar tentang kecelakaan (yang dialami) sepupu saya).
- My parents went to Puncak for their vacation; my brother and I went to Bali for ours. Note: Kalimat ini mengandung dua independent clause yang dihubungkan oleh semicolon. Penggunaan semicolon merupakan alternatif untuk menggabungkan independent clause tanpa menggunakan conjunction. Kalimat ini juga dapat ditulis menjadi: My parents went to Puncak for their vacation, but my brother and I went to Bali for ours. (i.e. semicolon diganti dengan tanda koma dan coordinating conjunction but).
Complex sentences
Complex sentence (kalimat kompleks) adalah kalimat yang memiliki satu main clause/independent clause dan sekurang-kurangnya satu anak kalimat/dependent clause (subordinating clause). Anak kalimat biasanya berupa adverbial clause (i.e. clause yang diawali oleh subordinating conjunction (i.e. although, because, ect.) atau berupa adjective clause (i.e. clause yang diawali oleh relative pronoun (i.e. who, that, which, ect.). Pada kalimat kompleks, jika kalimat pokoknya (main clause) dihilangkan, anak kalimat akan memiliki makna yang belum lengkap.
Contoh:
- Because I didn’t go to school last week, I didn’t know (that) there would be an exam today.
- I was studying English when my friend came. (Saya sedang belajar bahasa Inggris ketika temanku datang).
- I seldom get good grades although I always study hard. (Saya jarang dapat nilai bagus walaupun saya selalu belajar dengan keras).
- Besides we have to study grammar, we also must know how to speak fluently. (Selain kita harus belajar tatabahasa, kita juga harus tahu bagaimana cara berbicara dengan fasih).
- I have received the letter that you sent me last week. (Saya telah menerima surat yang kamu kirim minggu lalu).
- My dad bought this book, which is a hundred pages long, in Jakarta. (Papa saya membeli buku ini, yang tebalnya 100 halaman, di Jakarta).
- The person whom you met yesterday is my sister. (Orang yang kamu temui kemarin adalah adik (perempuan) saya).
- Because she is a nice person, she has many friends who are willing to help her. (Karena dia orang yang baik, dia punya banyak teman yang sudi menolongnya).
- My dad bought this book, which is a hundred pages long, when he was in Jakarta.
- Even though he is a good looking person, I will never be attracted to him because the girl whom he just dumped is my sister. (dump = campakkan).
Note: a) Contoh 1-4 adalah adverbial clause, contoh 5-7 adalah adjective clause. Contoh 8 -10 masing-masing mengandung 2 anak kalimat. Coba tentukan mana adverbial clause dan mana adjective clausenya. b). Gunakan relative pronoun which jika adjective clausenya hanya merupakan informasi tambahan yang tidak begitu penting (i.e. jika dihilangkan tidak merubah makna kalimat) dan, ingat, tanda koma dibutuhkan sebelum dan sesudah adjective clause tersebut.
Compound-complex sentences
Jika sebuah kalimat mengandung sekurang-kurangnya dua independent clause dan sekurang-kurangnya satu dependent clause, kalimat tersebut disebut compound-complex sentence. Please try to make at least 3 compound-complex sentences!
26 comments
tika
December 13, 2009
Nice Blog Sir…
Swara Bhaskara
December 13, 2009
Thank you, Tika.
tika
December 13, 2009
do you have skype or YM or anything else sir??
Just wanna chat with you and improve my English..
If u want. .
Swara Bhaskara
December 13, 2009
Yes, I do have YM. You could chat with me if you notice that I’m online. The notification can be seen on the left of this blog’s login area.
degan.rayhan
December 14, 2009
halo sir kalo mulai belajar bahasa inggris berawal dari mana dulu ya please tell me sir
degan.rayhan
December 14, 2009
mohon petunjuknya ya thanks
Swara Bhaskara
December 14, 2009
Halo juga Degan.
Untuk menghindari duplicate content, tanggapan atas pertannyaan ini saya link dan dapat dibaca di comment Your Questions paling bawah (akhir).
Moga saran saya di comment tersebut dapat membantu.
Perbedaan PHRASE dan CLAUSE | Swara Bhaskara's English
April 23, 2010
[...] di atas, topik yang banyak terdapat contoh clause antara lain: Conjunction dan Penggunaannya dan Simple, Complex dan Compound Sentences Share to your [...]
chakizone
August 25, 2010
thanks sir, this blog helps me to finish all my English task.
suci_dani
October 20, 2010
2 minggu lg saya akan presentasi tentang compound-complex . . saya butuh penjelasan dan contoh yg lebih detail tentang compound-complex . . makasih
Swara Bhaskara
October 20, 2010
Hi Suci,
Kalau masalah contoh tambahan, silakan ikuti link yang telah disediakan di posting di atas. Sedangkan, kalau masalah penjelasan yang lebih detail, saya kira cuman segitu. Sepanjang memahami yang mana itu compound sentence dan yang mana complex sentence, maka membuat compound-complex sentence tidak akan menemui kesulitan. Pertanyaan saya, bagian mananya yang masih kurang jelas? Thank you.
akmallevel42
December 11, 2010
” Because I didn’t go to school last week, I didn’t know that there would be an exam today; as a result I feel so restless now. ”
mr, is it a compound-complex sentence????
soalnya contohnya gada misterrrrr .. . help me. . .
youren
January 31, 2011
kalimat diatas termasuk compound-complex sentence kan Mr BHAS, soalnya ada kata BECAUSE i didnt……,I didn’t know THAT….
kira2 betul ga ya, perkiraan saya hehe…
Swara Bhaskara
February 1, 2011
Yup, I think so.
arung
March 18, 2011
mau nanya gan, mohon pencerahannya:
“Mobile application development is still being conducted and affecting people’s lifestyle in the early of its presence.”
mohon pencerahannya!
mohon pencerahannya!
mohon pencerahannya!
mohon pencerahannya!
Swara Bhaskara
June 11, 2011
Tentang apanya ya?
joema
June 18, 2011
pak, saya mau tanyak….bagaimana rumus compound sentece utuk yg positif, negatif, da introgatif?
Swara Bhaskara
June 18, 2011
Compound sentence mengandung paling tidak 2 independent clause plus connector-nya, bukan? Yang perlu diperhatikan dalam membuat compound sentence, antara lain:
1. Rumus; Rumus untuk masing-masing clause mengacu pada tensis yang digunakan. Kalau konteksnya dalam simple past tense, silakan review bentuk positif, negatif, & tanya di topik simple past tense; Kalau konteksnya dalam simple present tense, silakan review topik simple present tense, dan seterusnya.
2. Parallel structure (khususnya dalam hal tensis); Umumnya, kalau clause 1 menggunakan tensis tertentu, clause 2 akan menggunakan tensis itu pula. Misalnya, jika clause 1 dalam simple past tense maka clause 2 juga dalam simple past tense.
3. Penggunaan conjunction yang pas, agar clause 1 nyambung dengan clause berikutnya.
Sahirul Alim
July 13, 2011
The sentences below are some examples of Compound-complex sentences.
1. The internal documents from the prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, published in The Times on Monday were a chilling reminder of the legal and moral disaster that President George W. Bush created there.
2. They describe the chaos, lawlessness and incompetence in his administration’s system for deciding detainees’ guilt or innocence and assessing whether they would be a threat if released.
Correct me if I’m wrong, Sir.
kalo kalimat yang di bawah ini masukkin kemana ya pak?
Hampered by ideologues and cowards in Congress, President Obama has made scant progress in healing it.
Swara Bhaskara
July 19, 2011
Hi Sahirul,
“Hampered by ideologues and cowards in Congress” in your sentence is a reduced adverbial clause (which is most likely: “Because President Obama was hampered by ideologues and cowards in Congress“), therefore, I would say that the sentence “Hampered by ideologues and cowards in Congress, President Obama has made scant progress in healing it” is a complex sentence
Moreover, even though it’s derived from “President Obama, who was hampered by ideologues and cowards in Congress, has made scant progress in healing it“, the sentence is also a complex one.
Sahirul Alim
July 19, 2011
8. Because she is a nice person, she has many friends who are willing to help her.
adverbial clause: because she is a nice person.
adjective clause: who are willing to help her.
9. My dad bought this book, which is a hundred pages long, when he was in Jakarta.
adverbial clause: when he was in Jakarta.
adjective clause: which is a hundred pages long.
10. Even though he is a good looking person, I will never be attracted to him because the girl whom he just dumped is my sister.
adverbial clauses: a.Even though he is a good looking person. b.because the girl whom he just dumped is my sister.
adjective clause: whom he just dumped is my sister.
Correct me if I’m wrong
Swara Bhaskara
July 19, 2011
Excellent!
But, for sentence 10, you forgot to erase “is my sister” in your adjective clause. (It’s a copy-paste related typo, I guess). The adjective clause that is contained in the adverbial clause “because the girl whom he just dumped is my sister” should be “whom he just dumped“.
Sahirul Alim
July 20, 2011
Thank you for correcting my answer, Sir. To tell you the truth, I was sleepy when I wrote it.
zen
July 23, 2011
5. I have received the letter that you sent me last week
why did u say that it is adjetive clause,Mr. I didn’t find any “adjective” in this sentence. thanks beforehand
Swara Bhaskara
July 23, 2011
Hi Zen,
An adjective is to modify or to give additional information to a noun. For instance, a beautiful girl. The word “beautiful” is an adjective and here it modifies the noun “girl“.
An adjective can be a single word, which is simply called an adjective. It can also be a clause, called an adjective clause, or a phrase, called an adjective phrase.
a beautiful girl = a girl who is beautiful.
Here, “who is beautiful” is an adjective clause that modifies the noun “girl“.
An adjective clause doesn’t necessarily have to contain an adjective, but the clause itself, as a whole, functions as an adjective.
In the sentence in question,
I have received the letter that you sent me last week.
the clause “that you sent me last week ” doesn’t have an adjective at all, but as a whole, the clause modifies the noun “letter“. Because the clause functions as an adjective, it is called an adjective clause. If you’d like, please read NOUN CLAUSE vs ADJECTIVE CLAUSE and I hope you’ll get something from it.
zen
July 24, 2011
thanks for the explanation Mr. I have now got about the modifications